Venison Dog Can

● Contextual noteA galactomannan thickener from cassia seeds, used in wet foods, often together with other gums. EFSA's re-evaluation of purified cassia gum (E427) found it safe at permitted levels; historical concerns related to anthraquinone impurities in less refined grades.Sources: EFSA 2017 re-evaluation of cassia gum (E427)

● Standard ingredientA named plant oil providing energy and fatty acids.

● Standard ingredientPhosphate salts used as mineral nutrient sources and processing aids (texture, palatant carriers), and phosphoric acid as an acidifier. Distinct from the condensed phosphates under research review (sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate), which are classified separately.Sources: AAFCO ingredient definitions · EU Regulation 767/2009

● Standard ingredientA standard added calcium (mineral) supplement.

● Contextual noteAn essential mineral present in all pet food. Flag only when appearing high on the ingredient list.Sources: NRC 2006

● Contextual noteThickener and stabiliser used in wet food. Generally regarded as safe at low levels. May cause digestive discomfort (gas, loose stool) at higher concentrations in some animals.Sources: EFSA 2017

● Standard ingredientA standard added potassium (mineral) supplement.

● Standard ingredientA standard added magnesium (mineral) supplement.

● Standard ingredientCholine chloride: a standard added nutrient for normal cell and nerve function.

● Beneficial (supported)Contains a unique omega-3 fatty acid (ETA) and has been associated with anti-inflammatory and joint support benefits in some studies in dogs. Relevant for the AU/NZ market.Sources: Servet et al. 2006 · Bierer & Bui 2002Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Beneficial (emerging)Kiwifruit is high in vitamin C and soluble fibre and contains the proteolytic enzyme actinidin; multi-country randomised human trials associate eating green kiwifruit with more frequent bowel movements and reduced digestive discomfort (attributed to the fibre's water-holding capacity plus actinidin), though this evidence is human, not canine. Kiwifruit also contains calcium-oxalate raphides, which sources note can cause mouth or skin irritation in some sensitive animals.Sources: Habitual Green Kiwifruit Consumption Is Associated with a Reduction in Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Scoping Review · The effect of 'Zesy002' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis) on gut health function: a randomised cross-over clinical trial · The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: a reviewPosition on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Beneficial (emerging)Manuka honey has documented antibacterial properties (due to methylglyoxal content) and has been explored for wound healing, digestive health, and immune support in dogs. Should be used cautiously in pets with diabetes due to high sugar content.Sources: Veterinary wound care studies · New Zealand Manuka honey researchPosition on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Beneficial (supported)A natural source of iodine and trace minerals. Some studies have explored dental health benefits. Note: excessive iodine from kelp could affect thyroid function in cats with hyperthyroidism.Sources: NRC 2006Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Beneficial (supported)Chelated (organic) mineral forms are associated with better bioavailability compared to inorganic forms in published research.Sources: Spears 1996 · NRC 2006Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Beneficial (supported)Chelated (organic) mineral forms are associated with better bioavailability compared to inorganic forms in published research.Sources: Spears 1996 · NRC 2006Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Standard ingredientNiacin (vitamin B3): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin with antioxidant function.

● Standard ingredientA standard added selenium (mineral) supplement.

● Beneficial (supported)Chelated (organic) mineral forms are associated with better bioavailability compared to inorganic forms in published research.Sources: Spears 1996 · NRC 2006Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Beneficial (supported)Chelated (organic) mineral forms are associated with better bioavailability compared to inorganic forms in published research.Sources: Spears 1996 · NRC 2006Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.

● Standard ingredientThiamine (vitamin B1): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientPantothenic acid (vitamin B5): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientRiboflavin (vitamin B2): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientVitamin B6 (pyridoxine): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin involved in vision and immune function.

● Standard ingredientBiotin (vitamin B7): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientVitamin B12: a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientA standard added iodine (mineral) supplement.

● Standard ingredientFolic acid (vitamin B9): a standard added B vitamin.

● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin involved in calcium metabolism and bone health.