9chicory pulpChicory▾
● Standard ingredientThe whole chicory plant or its pulp, distinct from chicory root extract (a prebiotic FOS source).Sources: Nutritional composition data
10fish oilEPA + DHA (marine-source omega-3)▾
● Beneficial (well-established)Marine-source omega-3 fatty acids associated with anti-inflammatory, skin/coat health, joint support, cognitive function, and cardiac and renal support in multiple peer-reviewed studies.Sources: Bauer 2011 JAVMA · NRC 2006 · Multiple RCTs in dogs for skin/joint conditions
11fructooligosaccharidesFOS (fructo-oligosaccharides)▾
● Beneficial (supported)A prebiotic fibre associated with gut microbiome support in published studies. Promotes beneficial bacteria growth.Sources: Swanson et al. 2002Position on the ingredient list suggests a moderate to small inclusion level.
12borage oil▾
● Beneficial (emerging)A plant-derived oil containing the highest natural concentration of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid. Some veterinary-reviewed research has associated GLA with skin health and anti-inflammatory support in dogs.Sources: Nutritional composition data · Veterinary dermatology referencesPosition on the ingredient list suggests a moderate to small inclusion level.
13psyllium husksPsyllium husk▾
● Beneficial (emerging)A well-characterised soluble fibre source commonly recommended by veterinarians for digestive support.Sources: NRC 2006Position on the ingredient list suggests a moderate to small inclusion level.
14seedsSeeds (generic/unspecified)▾
● Contextual noteA generic seed declaration. Where the label names the seeds in brackets, each is shown and classified below. Unnamed seeds limit traceability and allergen assessment.Sources: AAFCO ingredient definitions
15turmeric extractTurmeric / curcumin▾
● Beneficial (emerging)Curcumin has well-documented anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory studies, but its bioavailability in standard oral forms is poor without specific enhancement (piperine, lipid carrier, or phytosomal formulation). In several randomised controlled trials in dogs and cats with osteoarthritis, diets and supplements containing bioavailability-enhanced curcumin (for example phosphatidylcholine/phytosome complexes), usually combined with other ingredients such as omega-3 fatty acids, hydrolysed collagen or green-lipped mussel, were associated with owner- and veterinarian-reported improvements in pain and mobility (e.g. Comblain et al., 2017); objective gait measures were often unchanged, and these effects have not been demonstrated for the small amounts of plain turmeric found in most foods.Sources: Colitti et al. 2012 · Comblain et al., BMC Veterinary Research 2017, DOI 10.1186/s12917-017-1317-8 · Feline osteoarthritis diet with EPA/DHA, turmeric extract and hydrolysed collagen, Animals 2024;14(22):3298 · Moreau et al., Veterinary Record 2003;152(11):323 (counter-evidence: curcumin nutraceutical did not improve objective gait vs NSAIDs) · Pye et al., Journal of Small Animal Practice 2024 (review)Position on the ingredient list suggests a moderate to small inclusion level.
16marigold mealMarigold extract (source of lutein)▾
● Beneficial (emerging)Marigold extract is a natural source of lutein, a carotenoid antioxidant. Some studies have explored lutein for eye health and immune function support in dogs and cats.Sources: Kim et al. 2000 (Journal of Nutrition) · Nutritional composition dataPosition on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.
17licorice extract