9potassium chloride▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added potassium (mineral) supplement.
10carrageenan▾
● Under research reviewThickener and stabiliser used in wet food. Some animal studies have associated degraded forms with gastrointestinal inflammation. Food-grade carrageenan may contain degraded fractions. Some premium brands have voluntarily removed it.Sources: Tobacman 2001 review · EFSA 2018 re-evaluation · Martino et al. 2017 · Chassaing et al. 2015
11soybean oil▾
● Contextual noteA plant-derived oil providing omega-6 fatty acids. Derived from soybeans, which are a common allergen in some pets. Relevant for allergy-prone pets.Sources: NRC 2006 · AAFCO ingredient definitions
12fish oilEPA + DHA (marine-source omega-3)▾
● Beneficial (well-established)Marine-source omega-3 fatty acids associated with anti-inflammatory, skin/coat health, joint support, cognitive function, and cardiac and renal support in multiple peer-reviewed studies.Sources: Bauer 2011 JAVMA · NRC 2006 · Multiple RCTs in dogs for skin/joint conditionsPosition on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.
13choline chloride▾
● Standard ingredientCholine chloride: a standard added nutrient for normal cell and nerve function.
14magnesium sulfateMagnesium oxide▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added magnesium (mineral) supplement.
15salt▾
● Contextual noteAn essential mineral present in all pet food. Flag only when appearing high on the ingredient list.Sources: NRC 2006
16taurineTaurine (supplemental)▾
● Beneficial (well-established)Taurine supplementation is increasingly common in dog food, particularly for breeds associated with DCM susceptibility.Sources: Pion et al. 1987 · NRC 2006 · Freeman et al. 2018Position on the ingredient list suggests a small inclusion level.
17L-Threonine▾
● Standard ingredientAn essential amino acid added as a standard supplement.
18DL-Methionine▾
● Contextual noteAn essential amino acid commonly added to pet food. Also functions as a urinary acidifier (lowers urine pH). Veterinary sources note it should be used with caution in pets with kidney disease, pancreatic disease, or liver insufficiency. Not recommended for kittens.Sources: VCA Animal Hospitals · PetMD veterinary reference · NRC 2006
19xanthan gum▾
● Contextual noteThickener and stabiliser. Generally recognised as safe (GRAS) by the FDA.Sources: FDA GRAS listing
20Vitamin E supplementVitamin E▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin with antioxidant function.
21L-Cysteine▾
● Standard ingredientA semi-essential amino acid important for protein synthesis, antioxidant production (glutathione precursor), and skin/coat health.Sources: NRC 2006
22zinc sulfate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added zinc (mineral) supplement.
23glycineAmino acids (generic)▾
● Standard ingredientA generic term for an amino acid supplement blend. Where the label lists the specific amino acids in brackets, each is shown and classified below; otherwise the individual amino acids are not disclosed.Sources: AAFCO ingredient definitions
24ferrous sulfate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added iron (mineral) supplement.
25niacin (Vitamin B-3)Niacin▾
● Standard ingredientNiacin (vitamin B3): a standard added B vitamin.
26Vitamin A supplementVitamin A▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin involved in vision and immune function.
27calcium carbonate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added calcium (mineral) supplement.
28copper sulfate▾
● Contextual noteAn inorganic copper source. Functional and commonly used. Chelated forms (copper proteinate) may offer better bioavailability.Sources: NRC 2006
29calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B-5)Pantothenic acid▾
● Standard ingredientPantothenic acid (vitamin B5): a standard added B vitamin.
30thiamine mononitrate (Vitamin B-1)Thiamine▾
● Standard ingredientThiamine (vitamin B1): a standard added B vitamin.
31manganese sulfate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added manganese (mineral) supplement.
32Vitamin B-12 supplementVitamin B12▾
● Standard ingredientVitamin B12: a standard added B vitamin.
33riboflavin supplement (Vitamin B-2)Riboflavin▾
● Standard ingredientRiboflavin (vitamin B2): a standard added B vitamin.
34pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B-6)Vitamin B6▾
● Standard ingredientVitamin B6 (pyridoxine): a standard added B vitamin.
35folic acid (Vitamin B-9)Folic acid▾
● Standard ingredientFolic acid (vitamin B9): a standard added B vitamin.
36potassium iodideCalcium iodate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added iodine (mineral) supplement.
37menadione sodium bisulfite complex (Vitamin K)Menadione (Vitamin K3)▾
● Under research reviewA synthetic form of vitamin K that has been restricted in human food supplements in the EU due to organ toxicity concerns at high doses. Natural alternatives (K1, K2) are available. AAFCO panel found it acceptable in pet food at approved levels.Sources: EFSA 2014 vitamin K opinion · EU Directive 2002/46/EC · AAFCO expert panel review
38Vitamin D-3 supplementVitamin D3▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin involved in calcium metabolism and bone health.
39biotin (Vitamin B-7)Biotin▾
● Standard ingredientBiotin (vitamin B7): a standard added B vitamin.
40sodium selenite▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added selenium (mineral) supplement.