9powdered celluloseCellulose / powdered cellulose▾
● Under research reviewA plant-derived insoluble fibre. Provides bulk but limited nutritional value. Acceptable in small amounts; when present as a primary fibre source (top 10 ingredients), it may indicate a high proportion of nutritionally inert filler.Sources: NRC 2006 Nutrient Requirements · Nutritional composition data
10guar gum▾
● Contextual noteThickener and stabiliser used in wet food. Generally regarded as safe at low levels. May cause digestive discomfort (gas, loose stool) at higher concentrations in some animals.Sources: EFSA 2017
11inulin▾
● Beneficial (supported)A prebiotic fibre associated with promoting beneficial gut bacteria (bifidobacteria).Sources: Swanson et al. 2002Position on the ingredient list suggests a moderate to small inclusion level.
12calcium sulfateCalcium carbonate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added calcium (mineral) supplement.
13tricalcium phosphateDicalcium phosphate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added calcium and phosphorus (mineral) supplement.
14potassium chloride▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added potassium (mineral) supplement.
15carrageenan▾
● Under research reviewThickener and stabiliser used in wet food. Some animal studies have associated degraded forms with gastrointestinal inflammation. Food-grade carrageenan may contain degraded fractions. Some premium brands have voluntarily removed it.Sources: Tobacman 2001 review · EFSA 2018 re-evaluation · Martino et al. 2017 · Chassaing et al. 2015
16magnesium sulfateMagnesium oxide▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added magnesium (mineral) supplement.
17Vitamin E supplementVitamin E▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin with antioxidant function.
18L-Lysine monohydrochlorideL-lysine▾
● Standard ingredientAn essential amino acid added as a standard supplement.
19zinc sulfate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added zinc (mineral) supplement.
20niacin (Vitamin B-3)Niacin▾
● Standard ingredientNiacin (vitamin B3): a standard added B vitamin.
21ferrous sulfate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added iron (mineral) supplement.
22thiamine mononitrate (Vitamin B-1)Thiamine▾
● Standard ingredientThiamine (vitamin B1): a standard added B vitamin.
23calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B-5)Pantothenic acid▾
● Standard ingredientPantothenic acid (vitamin B5): a standard added B vitamin.
24natural smoke flavourSmoke flavour▾
● Standard ingredientA flavouring agent providing a smoky taste. Can be derived from natural wood smoke or produced synthetically.Sources: AAFCO ingredient definitions
25pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B-6)Vitamin B6▾
● Standard ingredientVitamin B6 (pyridoxine): a standard added B vitamin.
26copper sulfate▾
● Contextual noteAn inorganic copper source. Functional and commonly used. Chelated forms (copper proteinate) may offer better bioavailability.Sources: NRC 2006
27Vitamin B-12 supplementVitamin B12▾
● Standard ingredientVitamin B12: a standard added B vitamin.
28riboflavin supplement (Vitamin B-2)Riboflavin▾
● Standard ingredientRiboflavin (vitamin B2): a standard added B vitamin.
29Vitamin A supplementVitamin A▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin involved in vision and immune function.
30manganese sulfate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added manganese (mineral) supplement.
31folic acid (Vitamin B-9)Folic acid▾
● Standard ingredientFolic acid (vitamin B9): a standard added B vitamin.
32Vitamin D-3 supplementVitamin D3▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added vitamin involved in calcium metabolism and bone health.
33biotin (Vitamin B-7)Biotin▾
● Standard ingredientBiotin (vitamin B7): a standard added B vitamin.
34potassium iodideCalcium iodate▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added iodine (mineral) supplement.
35sodium selenite▾
● Standard ingredientA standard added selenium (mineral) supplement.